Glioma stem cells and their roles within the hypoxic tumor microenvironment

Tumor microenvironments are the result of cellular alterations in cancer that support unrestricted growth and proliferation further modifications cell behavior, which critical for tumor progression. Angiogenesis therapeutic resistance known to be modulated by hypoxia other microenvironments, such as acidic stress, both core features glioblastoma microenvironment. Hypoxia has also been shown promote a stem-like state non-neoplastic cells. In glial tumors, glioma stem cells (GSCs) central growth, angiogenesis, resistance, investigation interplay between GSCs is search better treatment options glioblastoma. Accordingly, we summarize impact stress on GSC signaling biologic phenotypes, potential methods inhibit these pathways.